Index of People

A

• Adleman, Leonard — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in Post-Quantum Cryptography, Randomness in Algorithms, Reading Paths, The Antivirus Industry, The History of Wi-Fi, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet
• von Ahn, Luis — Luis von Ahn and Human Computation · also in Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone
• Aho, Alfred — Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book · also in Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph, Interviews and Oral Histories, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code
• Aiken, Howard — Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I · also in Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Interviews and Oral Histories, Alan Turing and the ACE, George Stibitz and the Complex Number Calculator, APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet, Dead End: Wang Labs, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Fred Brooks and the Mythical Man-Month, From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, Grace Hopper: The Queen of Code, IBM: The Company, Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, Two Waivers: Grace Hopper Joins the Navy at 37
• Allen, Frances — Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, Interviews and Oral Histories, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, Ann Hardy, IBM: The Company, John Cocke and the IBM 801, The Computer Societies Movement, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline
• Allen, Paul — Paul Allen: The Other Half of Microsoft · also in BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: General Magic, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Lee Felsenstein, MS-DOS: The $75,000 Operating System That Built Microsoft, The Open Letter to Hobbyists: The Day Software Became Property, The Singularity and Superintelligence, The Teletype ASR-33, The Storage Revolution: From Magnetic Tape to Silicon, Volunteer Computing
• Altman, Sam — Sam Altman and OpenAI · also in Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Effective Altruism, Paul Graham and Y Combinator, Alex Krizhevsky, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Anthropic and Claude, Automation and the Future of Work, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Capture the Flag: Hacking as a Sport, Computing and Music Creation, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Famous Leaks, Gabe Newell, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, How We Use Computers, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jaan Tallinn, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Jony Ive and Apple Design, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Masayoshi Son and SoftBank, Microsoft’s 90% Fall and Return: The Ballmer Decade and the Nadella Recovery, … and 20 more
• Amdahl, Gene — Gene Amdahl and the System/360 · also in Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Camillo and Adriano Olivetti, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Family Ties, Fred Brooks and the Mythical Man-Month, Hans Peter Luhn, Hashing, IBM: The Company, SABRE and Airline Reservation Systems
• Andreessen, Marc — Marc Andreessen and Netscape · also in Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Accelerationism, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Interviews and Oral Histories, The IPO That Started a Bubble: Netscape, August 1995, AOL’s CDs: 50% of All CDs Manufactured in the World, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: General Magic, Dead End: Gopher, the Web That Almost Was, Dead End: PointCast and Push Technology, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: VRML & The First Metaverse, Dead End: Yahoo!, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, HTTPS Was Invented by Netscape, Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, JIF: The Creator’s Pronunciation the Internet Refuses, … and 29 more
• Assange, Julian — Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks · also in Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Wau Holland: Conscience of the Chaos Computer Club, Anonymous and LulzSec: Hacktivism and the Mask, Famous Leaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin
• Atkinson, Bill — Bill Atkinson and HyperCard · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Dead End: General Magic, NetNoir and the Afrocentric Web, Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest, Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work, Steve Jobs and Apple

B

• Babbage, Charles — Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, A Program for a Machine That Didn’t Exist, Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine, Babbage vs. the Street Musicians: A War That May Have Cost Computing a Century, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Computer Science Firsts, Family Ties, Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista, Percy Ludgate, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Alan Turing and the ACE, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Heinz Zemanek and the Mailüfterl, Helmut Hölzer, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Curt Herzstark and the Curta, Friedrich L. Bauer
• Bachman, Charles — Charles Bachman and the Integrated Data Store · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Hubert Zimmermann and the Seven Layers
• Backus, John — John Backus and FORTRAN · also in ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, The Compiler Nobody Believed Would Work, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, Computer Science Locations, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization, Gene Amdahl and the System/360, Heinz Zemanek and the Mailüfterl, IBM: The Company, Jean Sammet and COBOL, John McCarthy and LISP, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines, Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, … and 15 more
• Baer, Ralph — Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Tennis for Two: The Game Built to Impress Visitors, Germany’s Computing Pioneers
• Baker, Mitchell — Mitchell Baker and Mozilla · also in Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Marc Andreessen and Netscape, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Richard Stallman and GNU, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, The Attention Economy, The Browser Extension Ecosystem, The Browser Wars: The Fight for the Web’s Front Door, The Domain Name System: The Internet’s Phone Book, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The IPO That Started a Bubble: Netscape, August 1995, The Net Neutrality Battles, The Open Source Business Model, The Open Source Revolution, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, The Rise of Functional Programming, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web, Tor and Anonymity Networks, WebAssembly
• Ball, Joan — Joan Ball · also in The History of Online Dating, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing
• Bankman-Fried, Sam — Sam Bankman-Fried and the Collapse of FTX · also in Effective Altruism, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Mark Karpelès and the Fall of Mt. Gox, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Ruja Ignatova: The Missing Cryptoqueen, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Baran, Paul — Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built · also in Donald Davies, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Reading Paths, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Networking Hardware Story: The Physical Internet
• Barlow, John Perry — John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace · also in The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, The Digital Rights Movement, Computing in Popular Culture, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Online Censorship and Internet Freedom, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life
• Bartle, Richard — Richard Bartle · also in MMORPGs and Virtual Worlds, Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, Raph Koster
• Barto, Andrew — Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Reinforcement Learning, Computer Vision, Reading Paths, Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming, Speech Recognition, Stephanie “Steve” Shirley and Freelance Programmers, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind
• Bauer, Friedrich L. — Friedrich L. Bauer · also in Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Margaret Hamilton and the Apollo Software, Computer Science Locations, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation
• Bechtolsheim, Andy — Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun · also in BackRub: Google’s First Name, Interviews and Oral Histories, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web
• Bellman, Richard — Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming · also in George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, Graph Algorithms, Lotfi Zadeh, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Reinforcement Learning, The Traveling Salesman Problem
• Bengio, Yoshua — Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, France’s Tech Industry: Minitel, State Ambition, and the Grande École Pipeline, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Machine Translation, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Singularity and Superintelligence
• Benioff, Marc — Marc Benioff and Salesforce · also in The Rise of SaaS, From MRP to ERP: Software for the Factory, India’s IT Industry, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, Sandra Kurtzig, Satya Nadella and Microsoft’s Transformation, Tech Labor Movements, The API Economy, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Venture Capital and Silicon Valley: The Money That Made the Industry
• Bennett, Charles — Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography · also in Reversible Computing, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley, Edward Fredkin, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing
• Bense, Max — Georg Nees and Frieder Nake · also in Computer Art and Generative Art, A. Michael Noll and Ken Knowlton, Herbert W. Franke, Vera Molnár, Computing in Popular Culture, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics
• Berezin, Evelyn — Evelyn Berezin · also in The History of Word Processing, SABRE and Airline Reservation Systems, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes
• Berners-Lee, Tim — Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, Usenet: The Original Online Community, Computer Science Firsts, Content Delivery Networks, Dead End: Gopher, the Web That Almost Was, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Hartmut Esslinger, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos, Interviews and Oral Histories, Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, The First Photo on the Web Showed a CERN Comedy Band, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, The Web’s Inventor Gave It Away, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Computer Science Locations, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: VRML & The First Metaverse, Email: The Killer App That Predated the Web, … and 11 more
• Bezos, Jeff — Jeff Bezos and Amazon · also in Cadabra, Relentless, and the Bookstore That Became Everything, Why Amazon Started With Books, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Anthropic and Claude, Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Content Delivery Networks, Crowdfunding and Kickstarter, Cynthia Breazeal, Dark Patterns: Deceptive Design and the Consent Dialog, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Dead End: Teledesic, Globalstar and the First Satellite Internet, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Dead End: WAP and the Mobile Web, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Digital Maps and GIS, … and 71 more
• Bitzer, Donald — Donald Bitzer · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Computer Science Firsts, PLATO and the Birth of Online Community, Ray Ozzie, The History of Displays
• Blaze, Matt — Matt Blaze · also in Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, The Crypto Wars of the 1990s, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet
• Blum, Manuel — Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA · also in Family Ties, Interviews and Oral Histories, Luis von Ahn and Human Computation, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, Ukraine’s Developer Ecosystem: From Outsourcing Hub to Wartime Resilience
• Boole, George — George Boole and Boolean Logic · also in Claude Shannon and Information Theory, Family Ties, Fuzzy Logic, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
• Booth, Kathleen — Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler · also in Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, India’s IT Industry
• Bos, Bert — Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos · also in The History of Web Design, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Bostrom, Nick — Nick Bostrom · also in The Singularity and Superintelligence, Effective Altruism, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other
• Brand, Stewart — Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth · also in The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Kevin Kelly, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Spacewar! Was the First Video Game to Spread Between Computers, Steve Jobs and Apple, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Digital Rights Movement, The MIT Media Lab, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The Knowledge Navigator
• Brandenburg, Karlheinz — Karlheinz Brandenburg and MP3 · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Computer Science Locations, Data Compression, Reading Paths, The Digital Music Revolution
• Brassard, Gilles — Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Reversible Computing, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley
• Breazeal, Cynthia — Cynthia Breazeal · also in Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, The MIT Media Lab
• Bricklin, Dan — Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App · also in Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Personal Computing Explosion, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, Pardo and Landau: LANPAR and the Spreadsheet Patent, Ray Ozzie, Reading Paths, Steve Jobs and Apple, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, The Home Computer Boom, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, The Spreadsheet Revolution
• Brignull, Harry — no article of their own; see Dark Patterns: Deceptive Design and the Consent Dialog
• Brin, Sergey — Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire · also in Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, BackRub: Google’s First Name, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Graph Algorithms, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Andy Grove and Intel, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Yahoo!, Google Tried to Sell Itself for $1 Million, and Was Refused, Interviews and Oral Histories, Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval, Killed by Google: The Product Graveyard, Network Science and the Small World, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, Sundar Pichai and Google, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Brooks, Fred — Fred Brooks and the Mythical Man-Month · also in Gene Amdahl and the System/360, Eponymous Laws of Computing, IBM: The Company, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Bookshelf, UML and the Three Amigos, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, The Multics Story, The Open Source Revolution
• Buck, Dudley — Dead End: The Cryotron · also in Donald Davies
• Bush, Vannevar — Vannevar Bush and the Memex · also in Paul Otlet and Emanuel Goldberg, Analog Computers, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, Computer Science Locations, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web
• Bushnell, Nolan — Nolan Bushnell and Atari · also in Computer Space: The First Arcade Game That Failed So Pong Could Succeed, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Ralph Baer and the Magnavox Odyssey, Steve Jobs and Apple, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Cisco: The Company That Routed the Internet, Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, Computer Science Locations, David May, Dead End: The Amiga, Dead End: The Transputer, Dead End: The Vectrex, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Demis Hassabis and DeepMind: Games, Proteins, and the Path to AGI, Family Ties, Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Henk Rogers, … and 26 more

C

• Campbell, Bill — Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach · also in Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision
• Canion, Rod — Rod Canion and Ben Rosen · also in Compaq and the BIOS Clean-Room, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Commodity PC, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing
• Carlson, Chester — Chester Carlson · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Gary Starkweather, Joseph C. Wilson and Haloid
• Carmack, John — John Carmack · also in The PC Gaming Revolution, Doom’s Piracy Strategy: Copying Was the Marketing Plan, Game Engines: The Engine as a Platform, Palmer Luckey, The First Esports Champion Won John Carmack’s Ferrari, The History of the Video Game Industry, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, Steve Jobs and Apple, The Bookshelf, The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, The History of Virtual Reality
• Catmull, Ed — Ed Catmull · also in Pixar and Computer Animation, The CGI Revolution, Interviews and Oral Histories, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, Steve Jobs and Apple
• Cerf, Vint — Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet · also in Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Interviews and Oral Histories, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Hubert Zimmermann and the Seven Layers, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Computer Science Locations, David Mills and NTP, February 3, 2011: The Day the Internet Ran Out of Addresses, Jon Postel: The God of the Internet, Link Rot and the Digital Dark Age, Louis Pouzin and the Datagram, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Reading Paths, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Digital Divide: Who Gets Computing and Who Doesn’t, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web, Chatbots Before ChatGPT, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers
• Chaitin, Gregory — Gregory Chaitin · also in Andrey Kolmogorov, Edward Fredkin, John Cocke and the IBM 801, Kolmogorov Complexity
• Chambers, John — John Chambers · also in R and Statistical Computing, Cisco: The Company That Routed the Internet, Data Science and the Notebook, Hadley Wickham
• Chang, Morris — Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Semiconductor Race: The Geopolitics of Silicon, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Computing in East Germany: Robotron and the Kombinate, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone, Ren Zhengfei and Huawei: From PLA Engineer to Global Telecom Giant, Semiconductor Fabrication, Taiwan’s Tech Ecosystem: OEM, ODM, and the Smiling Curve, Tim Cook and Apple
• Chaum, David — David Chaum and Digital Cash · also in The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Church, Alonzo — Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus · also in David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, Dana Scott, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, “Algorithm”: A Word from the 9th Century, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Automata Theory and Computability, Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, Reading Paths, The Rise of Functional Programming, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave, Alan Turing and the ACE
• Clarke, Edmund — no article of their own; see Formal Methods and Model Checking
• Cocke, John — John Cocke and the IBM 801 · also in Gregory Chaitin, Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization, Hennessy and Patterson: The Quantitative Approach, IBM: The Company, RISC vs. CISC, The Microprocessor Revolution, Dead End: ILLIAC IV
• Codd, Edgar — Edgar Codd and the Relational Model · also in Larry Ellison and Oracle, Michael Stonebraker and Postgres, Cellular Automata and Artificial Life, Charles Bachman and the Integrated Data Store, Computer Science Firsts, IBM: The Company, Jim Gray and the Transaction, SQL Was Called SEQUEL Until an Aircraft Manufacturer Objected, The Computer Societies Movement, The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud
• Cohen, Bram — Bram Cohen and BitTorrent · also in Napster and the P2P Music Revolution, Peter Sunde and The Pirate Bay, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, Archive Team, BitTorrent: The Protocol, The Net Neutrality Battles, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Cohen, Harold — Harold Cohen · also in Computer Art and Generative Art, The $432,500 Algorithm: AI Art at Christie’s
• Conway, Lynn — Lynn Conway and the VLSI Revolution · also in Hardware Description Languages, Interviews and Oral Histories, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, John Cocke and the IBM 801, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World
• Cook, Stephen — Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain · also in P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, Interviews and Oral Histories, Reading Paths, SAT Solvers, String Matching
• Cook, Tim — Tim Cook and Apple · also in Steve Jobs and Apple, Digital Maps and GIS, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Platform Tax, The Voice Assistant Revolution: Speaking to the Machine, Jony Ive and Apple Design
• Cooley, James — Cooley, Tukey, and the Fast Fourier Transform · also in Data Science and the Notebook
• Corbató, Fernando — Fernando Corbató and Time-Sharing · also in How We Use Computers, Interviews and Oral Histories, John McCarthy and LISP, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Edward Fredkin, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Louis Pouzin and the Datagram, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, The History of Passwords and Authentication, The Multics Story, The Teletype ASR-33
• Cray, Seymour — Seymour Cray and Supercomputing · also in Dead End: ILLIAC IV, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Bookshelf, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Dead End: The Transputer, Gary Demos, IEEE Computer Society, John Cocke and the IBM 801, Marc Andreessen and Netscape, Mosaic: The Browser That Made the Web Mainstream, Scientific and Numerical Computing, The Browser Wars: The Fight for the Web’s Front Door, The CGI Revolution, The IBM Mainframe Era: The Computer That Ran the World, Tom DeFanti, Weather and Climate Modeling
• Cruz-Neira, Carolina — no article of their own; see Tom DeFanti · also in The History of Virtual Reality
• Csuri, Charles — John Whitney and Charles Csuri · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Tom DeFanti, Dead End: Omnibus Computer Graphics, Gary Demos, The CGI Revolution, Triple-I: Information International
• Cunningham, Ward — Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Computer Science Firsts, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia, The Agile Revolution: From Waterfall to Manifesto to Industry
• Cutler, Dave — Dave Cutler and Windows NT · also in The Windows Story, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Bookshelf, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: OS/2, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Famous Leaks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Gary McKinnon: The UFO Hacker and the Decade-Long Extradition, Ray Ozzie, Roger Schell and Steve Lipner, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The Microprocessor Revolution, The Open Source Revolution, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set

D

• Dahl, Ole-Johan — Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming · also in Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Nordic Computer Societies, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down, Computer Science Firsts, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North
• Dantzig, George — George Dantzig and the Simplex Method · also in Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming, The Traveling Salesman Problem, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I
• Davies, Donald — Donald Davies · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built, Alan Turing and the ACE, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Louis Pouzin and the Datagram, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Networking Hardware Story: The Physical Internet
• Davies, Donald — no article of their own; see Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built · also in ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Interviews and Oral Histories, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Louis Pouzin and the Datagram, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Networking Hardware Story: The Physical Internet
• Dean, Jeff — Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure · also in Andrew Ng and AI Education, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation
• DeFanti, Tom — Tom DeFanti · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, John Whitney and Charles Csuri, The History of Virtual Reality
• Dell, Michael — Michael Dell · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Steve Jobs and Apple, ByteDance and TikTok: The Algorithm That Reorganized Attention, Rod Canion and Ben Rosen, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley, The Commodity PC
• Demos, Gary — Gary Demos · also in Dead End: Omnibus Computer Graphics, Edward Fredkin, Gary Starkweather, John Whitney and Charles Csuri, Pixar and Computer Animation, The CGI Revolution, Triple-I: Information International
• Diffie, Whitfield — Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Computer Science Firsts, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Matt Blaze, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Reading Paths, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, The Digital Rights Movement, The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy, Bill Gates and Microsoft
• Dijkstra, Edsger — Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming · also in Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Friedrich L. Bauer, Interviews and Oral Histories, Operating System Concepts: Kernels, Processes, and Scheduling, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Netherlands’ Tech Industry: Philips, ASML, and the Chokepoint, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, A* and Shakey the Robot, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dijkstra’s Algorithm Was Designed in 20 Minutes at a Café, Dijkstra’s Pen: Why a Computer Scientist Wrote by Hand, Esoteric Programming Languages, European Computer Science Academia, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Graph Algorithms, Italy’s Computing Industry: Pisa, Ivrea, and the Sale of 1964, Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal, … and 10 more
• Dongarra, Jack — no article of their own; see The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth
• Dorsey, Jack — Jack Dorsey, Twitter, and Square · also in Dead End: Vine, Ruby and Rails, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Dead End: Web3 and NFTs, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington
• Draper, John — John Draper: Captain Crunch and the Blue Box · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Steve Jobs and Apple, The Bookshelf, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The History of Word Processing

E

• Edmonds, Jack — Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm · also in Graph Algorithms, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Reading Paths, The Traveling Salesman Problem, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems
• Eich, Brendan — Brendan Eich and JavaScript · also in Ten Days in May: How JavaScript Was Built Under Deadline, Mocha, LiveScript, JavaScript: The Name That Confused a Generation, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, BitTorrent: The Protocol, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christmas Day, 1996: Ruby 1.0, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: Palm and the PDA, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Dead End: WAP and the Mobile Web, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Famous Leaks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, … and 31 more
• Elbakyan, Alexandra — Alexandra Elbakyan and Sci-Hub · also in Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Ellison, Larry — Larry Ellison and Oracle · also in Edgar Codd and the Relational Model, From MRP to ERP: Software for the Factory, SQL Was Called SEQUEL Until an Aircraft Manufacturer Objected, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, ByteDance and TikTok: The Algorithm That Reorganized Attention, China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Computer Science Locations, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, Dead End: Intel Itanium, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: Yahoo!, Germany’s IT Industry, Hans Peter Luhn, Hewlett-Packard, James Gosling and Java, Japan’s Computing Industry, Marc Benioff and Salesforce, Masayoshi Son and SoftBank, Michael Stonebraker and Postgres, Mocha, LiveScript, JavaScript: The Name That Confused a Generation, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, SAP: The Enterprise Software Giant Europe Built, … and 17 more
• Emerson, E. Allen — no article of their own; see Formal Methods and Model Checking
• Engelbart, Douglas — Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Wooden Mouse: Douglas Engelbart’s First Pointing Device, Computer Science Firsts, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Interviews and Oral Histories, Steve Jobs and Apple, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Computing in Popular Culture, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Demo That Showed the Future, 40 Years Early, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes
• Ershov, Andrey — no article of their own; see Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate · also in Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Friedrich L. Bauer, Hashing
• Esslinger, Hartmut — Hartmut Esslinger · also in Fun Fact: Apple Designed a Touchscreen Phone in 1983, Interviews and Oral Histories, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing

F

• Fadell, Tony — Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest · also in Dead End: General Magic, Jony Ive and Apple Design, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Steve Jobs and Apple, The IoT Revolution: When Everything Connects
• Faggin, Federico — Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor · also in Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, Italy’s Computing Industry: Pisa, Ivrea, and the Sale of 1964, Semiconductor Fabrication, The Microprocessor Revolution, Dead End: Osborne, Dead End: Wang Labs, Intel Was a Memory Company, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, The First Personal Computers, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, The Pocket Calculator
• Feigenbaum, Edward — Edward Feigenbaum and the Expert System · also in Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, Harold Cohen, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, AI in Clinical Practice, Dead End: Buying a Computer Industry (Unidata, the Fifth Generation, Alvey, and ESPRIT)
• Felsenstein, Lee — Lee Felsenstein · also in Dead End: Osborne, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Modem and the Carterfone Decision, Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, The Teletype ASR-33
• Flowers, Tommy — Tommy Flowers and Colossus · also in From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Computer Science Firsts, Computer Science Locations, Computing in Popular Culture, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Elizebeth Smith Friedman: The Hidden Codebreaker, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Family Ties, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Recruiting by Puzzle, Stephanie “Steve” Shirley and Freelance Programmers, The History of the Video Game Industry, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer
• Floyd, Robert — no article of their own; see The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing · also in Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph
• Forrester, Jay — The Limits to Growth and World3 · also in Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory, Interviews and Oral Histories, Will Wright, Dead End: The Cryotron, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley, The Storage Revolution: From Magnetic Tape to Silicon
• Franke, Herbert W. — Herbert W. Franke · also in Computer Art and Generative Art, Computer Science Locations
• Fredkin, Edward — Edward Fredkin · also in Reversible Computing, Triple-I: Information International, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dead End: Omnibus Computer Graphics, Gary Demos, John McCarthy and LISP
• Friedman, Elizebeth Smith — Elizebeth Smith Friedman: The Hidden Codebreaker · also in Cryptography: The Secret Science, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers

G

• Garriott, Richard — Richard Garriott · also in MMORPGs and Virtual Worlds, Steve Gibson, Raph Koster
• Gates, Bill — Bill Gates and Microsoft · also in Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, Paul Allen: The Other Half of Microsoft, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Dead End: The Mac Clones, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, The Spreadsheet Revolution, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Dave Cutler and Windows NT, Dead End: Teledesic, Globalstar and the First Satellite Internet, Dead End: WordPerfect, Interviews and Oral Histories, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, Steve Jobs and Apple, The Open Letter to Hobbyists: The Day Software Became Property, The Windows Story, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning, Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline, Alex Krizhevsky, Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris, … and 225 more
• Gentleman, Robert — Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman · also in Hadley Wickham, John Chambers, R and Statistical Computing
• Gibson, Steve — Steve Gibson · also in Fun Fact: The Zip Drive’s “Click of Death”, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science
• Glushkov, Victor — no article of their own; see OGAS: The Soviet Internet That Never Was · also in Computer Science Locations, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate
• Goldberg, Adele — Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers
• Goldberg, Emanuel — Paul Otlet and Emanuel Goldberg · also in Germany’s Computing Pioneers
• Goldwasser, Shafi — Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Avi Wigderson, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline
• Gonzalez, Albert — Albert Gonzalez: The Biggest Card Thief of the 2000s · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The Smart Card
• Goodnight, James — James Goodnight · also in R and Statistical Computing
• Gosling, James — James Gosling and Java · also in Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Interviews and Oral Histories, Java Was Named After a Cup of Coffee, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Kim Polese, Kotlin and Modern JVM Development, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The JVM and Java Ecosystem, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down, William Kahan and IEEE 754
• Graham, Paul — Paul Graham and Y Combinator · also in Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Robert Tappan Morris and the First Internet Worm, Sam Altman and OpenAI, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Email: The Killer App That Predated the Web, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Spam: Named After a Monty Python Sketch, The Bookshelf, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The History of Spam, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Rise of Developer Communities, The Worm and the Accelerator: Robert Morris and Y Combinator
• von Gravenreuth, Günter — Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, Reading Paths, The Demoscene: Coding as an Art Form
• Gray, Jim — Jim Gray and the Transaction · also in Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, SABRE and Airline Reservation Systems, The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model
• Grove, Andy — Andy Grove and Intel · also in Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law, Dead End: The Intel iAPX 432, Interviews and Oral Histories, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal, Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, The Commodity PC, 10,000 to 27 Million: The Linux Kernel’s 2,700× Growth, 4.77 MHz: The IBM PC Ran on a Television Crystal, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Australia’s Tech Industry: Atlassian, WiFi, and the Tyranny of Distance, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Bill Gates and Microsoft, Bluetooth, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Comecon Computing: ES EVM and the Bloc That Copied IBM, Compaq and the BIOS Clean-Room, Computer Science Firsts, Computer Science Locations, Czechoslovakia’s Computing Industry: Svoboda, SAPO, and the Institute That Lost Its Founder, … and 101 more
• Gödel, Kurt — Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems · also in Computer Science Locations, David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Algorithmic Game Theory, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Automata Theory and Computability, Avi Wigderson, Dana Scott, Eponymous Laws of Computing, George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, Gregory Chaitin, Kolmogorov Complexity, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Peter Shor, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Randomness in Algorithms, Reading Paths, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Bookshelf, The Busy Beaver Problem, The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off

H

• Hagelin, Boris — Crypto AG and Operation Rubicon · also in Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, Cryptography: The Secret Science
• Hamilton, Margaret — Margaret Hamilton and the Apollo Software · also in Friedrich L. Bauer, Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, 4 KB to the Moon: The Apollo Guidance Computer, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter, The Embedded Systems Story: From ROM Firmware to Safety-Critical Software, The Space Shuttle’s Two Software Teams That Were Forbidden to Communicate, Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory
• Hamming, Richard — Richard Hamming · also in Coding Theory and Error Correction, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Claude Shannon and Information Theory
• Hanrahan, Pat — no article of their own; see Pixar and Computer Animation · also in Ed Catmull
• Hardy, Ann — Ann Hardy · also in Interviews and Oral Histories
• Hartmanis, Juris — Hartmanis and Stearns: Measuring the Cost of Computation · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Reading Paths
• Hassabis, Demis — Demis Hassabis and DeepMind: Games, Proteins, and the Path to AGI · also in AlphaFold, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Sundar Pichai and Google, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Alex Krizhevsky, AlphaZero: World Chess Champion After 9 Hours of Self-Play, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, Jaan Tallinn, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Mistral, Reinforcement Learning, The History of Speech Synthesis, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, The Singularity and Superintelligence, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, … and 1 more
• Hastings, Reed — Reed Hastings and Netflix · also in The Streaming Wars, Content Delivery Networks, Data Science and the Notebook, Dave Winer and RSS, Dead End: HD-DVD, Recommendation Systems, The Attention Economy, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The DevOps Revolution: Tearing Down the Wall Between Development and Operations, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IoT Revolution: When Everything Connects, The LLM Race (2022–), The Microservices Revolution, The Net Neutrality Battles, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Hebb, Donald — McCulloch and Pitts · also in Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks
• Hejlsberg, Anders — Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript · also in Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, The JavaScript Revolution, The Spreadsheet Revolution, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal
• Hellman, Martin — Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet · also in Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Interviews and Oral Histories, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy, Computer Science Firsts, Matt Blaze, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, Reading Paths, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, The Digital Rights Movement
• Hennessy, John — Hennessy and Patterson: The Quantitative Approach · also in Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Interviews and Oral Histories, RISC vs. CISC, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Computer Science Locations, John Cocke and the IBM 801, Sophie Wilson and ARM, The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Open Hardware Movement: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the Democratization of Making, William Kahan and IEEE 754
• Herold, Horst — Horst Herold and Computerized Policing · also in DEHOMAG: IBM’s German Subsidiary
• Herzstark, Curt — Curt Herzstark and the Curta · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation
• Hilbert, David — David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem · also in Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, John von Neumann, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, Reading Paths, The Antivirus Industry
• Hillis, Danny — Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine · also in Dead End: ILLIAC IV, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Steve Jobs and Apple, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth
• Hinton, Geoffrey — Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, AI in Clinical Practice, Family Ties, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Alex Krizhevsky, AlphaFold, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Andrew Ng and AI Education, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Computer Vision, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, France’s Tech Industry: Minitel, State Ambition, and the Grande École Pipeline, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Judea Pearl and the Causal Revolution, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, McCulloch and Pitts, Reading Paths, … and 7 more
• Hoare, Tony — Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming · also in Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, David May, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Interviews and Oral Histories, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, Type Systems: From Bug Catcher to Theorem Prover, “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, Dead End: The Transputer, European Computer Science Academia, Formal Methods and Model Checking, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Kotlin and Modern JVM Development, Peter Naur, Randomness in Algorithms, Swift and the Post-Objective-C Era, The History of Sorting, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal
• Hochreiter, Sepp — Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Machine Translation, Reading Paths, Speech Recognition, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Holland, Wau — Wau Holland: Conscience of the Chaos Computer Club · also in Dead End: Bildschirmtext, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, Computer Science Locations, Reading Paths, The Digital Rights Movement, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Hollerith, Herman — Herman Hollerith and the Punched Card · also in DEHOMAG: IBM’s German Subsidiary, Barcodes and the UPC, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Computer Science Locations, Gustav Tauschek: The Forgotten Inventor, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, IBM: The Company, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Bookshelf, The History of Sorting
• Hopcroft, John — Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph · also in Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Graph Algorithms, Interviews and Oral Histories, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation
• Hopfield, John — John Hopfield and Neural Networks · also in Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Alex Krizhevsky, AlphaFold, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Fuzzy Logic, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, McCulloch and Pitts, Reading Paths, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Traveling Salesman Problem
• Hopper, Grace — Grace Hopper: The Queen of Code · also in The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, COBOL: The Language That Runs Banking, Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, More COBOL Than Python: The Language That Refuses to Die, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, Two Waivers: Grace Hopper Joins the Navy at 37, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Jean Sammet and COBOL, The Compiler Nobody Believed Would Work, The First Bug: A Moth in Relay 70, The History of Sorting, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth, UNIVAC and the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, Cryptography: The Secret Science, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Hotz, George — George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War · also in Anonymous and LulzSec: Hacktivism and the Mask, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Huang, Jensen — Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI · also in The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Computer Vision, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War, Masayoshi Son and SoftBank, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Samsung: From Dried Fish to the World’s Memory, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, The LLM Race (2022–), The PC Gaming Revolution, The Rise of the Tech Giants, The Supercomputer Era: The Fastest Machines on Earth
• Hutchins, Marcus — Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Ransomware Epidemic: The Industrialization of Cybercrime
• Hölzer, Helmut — Helmut Hölzer · also in Analog Computers

I

• Ibuka, Masaru — no article of their own; see Sony: From Rice Cooker to PlayStation · also in Japan’s Digital Culture: Walkman, Tamagotchi, and the Galapagos Problem, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible
• Ignatova, Ruja — Ruja Ignatova: The Missing Cryptoqueen · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Ihaka, Ross — Ross Ihaka and Robert Gentleman · also in R and Statistical Computing, Hadley Wickham, John Chambers
• Ive, Jony — Jony Ive and Apple Design · also in Steve Jobs and Apple, Hartmut Esslinger, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, The Macintosh, Tony Fadell: From iPod to Nest
• Iverson, Kenneth — no article of their own; see APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet · also in The Philosophy of Programming Languages
• Iwatani, Toru — Toru Iwatani and Pac-Man · also in Emulation and Retrocomputing, Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Nintendo: A Century of Play, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, The Console Wars: How Hardware Battles Shaped Gaming, The History of the Video Game Industry

J

• Jacobson, Joseph — Joseph Jacobson · also in Project Gutenberg and the E-Book, The History of Displays, The MIT Media Lab
• Jepsen, Mary Lou — Mary Lou Jepsen · also in Joseph Jacobson, Nicholas Negroponte, The MIT Media Lab
• Jobs, Steve — Steve Jobs and Apple · also in Dead End: The Mac Clones, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Hartmut Esslinger, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The $16,595 Future: The Xerox Star, The Spreadsheet Revolution, Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, August 2, 2018: Apple Reaches $1 Trillion, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App, Dead End: BeOS, Dead End: Flash & The Plugin Web, Dead End: HD-DVD, Dead End: The Apple Pippin, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Gorilla Glass: The Material Nobody Wanted Until Jobs Called, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Hungary’s Computing Industry: The M-3, the “Analysers” of KFKI, and the Boy Who Watched the Ural, … and 214 more
• Joy, Bill — Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The IDE Wars, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet

K

• Kahan, William — William Kahan and IEEE 754 · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Lotfi Zadeh, Fuzzy Logic, IEEE Computer Society, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Scientific and Numerical Computing, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Computer Societies Movement
• Kahle, Brewster — Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive · also in Archive Team, BitTorrent: The Protocol, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Link Rot and the Digital Dark Age, Mary Lou Jepsen, The Computer Press
• Kahn, Bob — Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn: Fathers of the Internet · also in ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Hubert Zimmermann and the Seven Layers, Interviews and Oral Histories, Jon Postel: The God of the Internet, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Digital Divide: Who Gets Computing and Who Doesn’t, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Computer Science Locations, David Mills and NTP, February 3, 2011: The Day the Internet Ran Out of Addresses, Link Rot and the Digital Dark Age, Louis Pouzin and the Datagram, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Reading Paths, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, Tim Berners-Lee and the World Wide Web
• Kaliouby, Rana el — Rana el Kaliouby · also in Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Interviews and Oral Histories, Rosalind Picard, The MIT Media Lab
• Kare, Susan — Susan Kare and the Macintosh Icons · also in Steve Jobs and Apple, Bill Atkinson and HyperCard, Dead End: General Magic
• Karger, Paul — Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance · also in The Smart Card, Dead End: The Intel iAPX 432, Reading Paths, Roger Schell and Steve Lipner, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, The Multics Story
• Karp, Richard — Richard Karp and the 21 Problems · also in Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Hartmanis and Stearns: Measuring the Cost of Computation, Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph, Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, Reading Paths, The Traveling Salesman Problem
• Karpathy, Andrej — Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI · also in Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds
• Karpelès, Mark — Mark Karpelès and the Fall of Mt. Gox · also in Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Karpiński, Jacek — no article of their own; see Poland’s Computing Industry: Elwro, the Odra, and the Man Who Went to Breed Pigs
• Katz, Phil — Phil Katz and the Zip Format · also in Data Compression, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet
• Kay, Alan — Alan Kay and Smalltalk · also in Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Interviews and Oral Histories, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Chuck Thacker and the Alto, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Christmas Day, 1996: Ruby 1.0, Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Ed Catmull, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Ruby and Rails, Software Testing and QA: The Discipline of Finding Bugs Before Users Do, Steve Jobs and Apple, Swift and the Post-Objective-C Era, … and 10 more
• Kelly, Kevin — Kevin Kelly · also in Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other
• Kernighan, Brian — Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools · also in “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Bookshelf, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Traveling Salesman Problem, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, The Teletype ASR-33
• Kilby, Jack — Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit · also in Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, Computer Science Firsts, Interviews and Oral Histories, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, George Boole and Boolean Logic, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The Bookshelf, The Pocket Calculator, Semiconductor Fabrication, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible
• Kildall, Gary — Gary Kildall and the OS IBM Didn’t Take · also in Bill Gates and Microsoft, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Computer Press, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing, Computing in East Germany: Robotron and the Kombinate, Dead End: Osborne, IBM: The Company, Lore Harp McGovern and Vector Graphic, MS-DOS: The $75,000 Operating System That Built Microsoft, Reading Paths, The Atari ST, The Personal Computing Explosion, The Spreadsheet Revolution, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution
• Kirsch, Russell — SEAC and Russell Kirsch · also in Interviews and Oral Histories
• Klatt, Dennis — Dennis Klatt · also in Fun Fact: The Voice Stephen Hawking Refused to Upgrade, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The History of Speech Synthesis
• Knowlton, Ken — A. Michael Noll and Ken Knowlton · also in Computer Art and Generative Art, Herbert W. Franke, John Whitney and Charles Csuri
• Knuth, Donald — Donald Knuth and the Art of Computer Programming · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Hexadecimal Dollar: Donald Knuth’s Bug Bounty, Donald Knuth Has Not Used Email Since 1990, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, The Bookshelf, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Edward Feigenbaum and the Expert System, Hashing, Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems, Peter Naur, Setun: The Ternary Computer, String Matching, The Computer Societies Movement, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, The History of Sorting, Monte Carlo Methods, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems
• Kolmogorov, Andrey — Andrey Kolmogorov · also in Gregory Chaitin, Code Golf and Perl Golf, Kolmogorov Complexity, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming, Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter
• Koster, Raph — Raph Koster · also in MMORPGs and Virtual Worlds, Richard Garriott
• Krizhevsky, Alex — Alex Krizhevsky · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Reading Paths, The GPU Revolution: From Pixels to Intelligence, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Kurtzig, Sandra — Sandra Kurtzig · also in From MRP to ERP: Software for the Factory, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Interviews and Oral Histories, Lore Harp McGovern and Vector Graphic, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers
• Kurzweil, Ray — Ray Kurzweil · also in The Singularity and Superintelligence, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, Computer Science Locations, Harold Cohen, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The History of Speech Synthesis
• Kálmán, Rudolf — Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter · also in Lotfi Zadeh, Fuzzy Logic, GPS and Satellite Navigation

L

• Lamarr, Hedy — Hedy Lamarr and Frequency Hopping · also in Bluetooth, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone
• Lamo, Adrian — Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning · also in Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Lamport, Leslie — Leslie Lamport and the Science of Distributed Systems · also in Distributed Systems: Consensus, CAP, and the Hard Problems, Formal Methods and Model Checking, Interviews and Oral Histories, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, David Mills and NTP, Donald Knuth and the Art of Computer Programming, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure
• Lampson, Butler — Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, The History of Word Processing, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Ann Hardy, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, Brendan Eich and JavaScript, Chuck Thacker and the Alto, Computer Science Firsts, Computer Science Locations, Dana Scott, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Gary Starkweather, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, How We Use Computers, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Hungary’s Computing Industry: The M-3, the “Analysers” of KFKI, and the Boy Who Watched the Ural, IEEE Computer Society, … and 26 more
• Landau, Remy — Pardo and Landau: LANPAR and the Spreadsheet Patent · also in Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App, The Spreadsheet Revolution
• Le Lann, Gérard — no article of their own; see Louis Pouzin and the Datagram · also in Computer Science Locations
• Lebedev, Sergei — no article of their own; see Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate · also in Computer Science Locations, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline
• LeCun, Yann — Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Alex Krizhevsky, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), Computer Vision, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, France’s Tech Industry: Minitel, State Ambition, and the Grande École Pipeline, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Generative AI Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm — Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz · also in Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Curt Herzstark and the Curta, Friedrich L. Bauer, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, McCulloch and Pitts, Computer Science Locations, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing
• Lenat, Douglas — Douglas Lenat and Cyc · also in Dead End: Buying a Computer Industry (Unidata, the Fifth Generation, Alvey, and ESPRIT), Reading Paths, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Levin, Leonid — Cook and Levin: NP-Completeness on Two Sides of the Iron Curtain · also in Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, Interviews and Oral Histories, Reading Paths, SAT Solvers
• Lewis, Philip M., II — no article of their own; see Hartmanis and Stearns: Measuring the Cost of Computation
• Li, Fei-Fei — Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution · also in ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Alex Krizhevsky, Computer Vision, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Reading Paths, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks
• Licklider, J.C.R. — J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network · also in Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The Bookshelf, “LO”: The First Message Sent on the ARPANET, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Edward Fredkin, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, How We Use Computers, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, Reading Paths, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The First Email: A Message Not Worth Reading, The Knowledge Navigator, The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory
• Lie, Håkon Wium — Håkon Wium Lie and Bert Bos · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The History of Web Design
• Lipner, Steve — Roger Schell and Steve Lipner · also in Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Interviews and Oral Histories, Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance, The Multics Story
• Liskov, Barbara — Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction · also in ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Computer Societies Movement, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline
• Lovelace, Ada — Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine · also in A Program for a Machine That Didn’t Exist, Computer Science Firsts, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Babbage vs. the Street Musicians: A War That May Have Cost Computing a Century, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Family Ties, Margaret Hamilton and the Apollo Software
• Luckey, Palmer — Palmer Luckey · also in The History of Virtual Reality, Crowdfunding and Kickstarter, John Carmack, Mary Lou Jepsen
• Ludgate, Percy — Percy Ludgate · also in Konrad Zuse and the Z3
• Luhn, Hans Peter — Hans Peter Luhn · also in Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Hashing, Paul Otlet and Emanuel Goldberg

M

• Ma, Jack — Jack Ma and Alibaba: China’s Internet Pioneer · also in Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet, China Computer Federation (CCF), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Yahoo!, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Masayoshi Son and SoftBank, Southeast Asia’s Tech Industry: Grab, Gojek, and the Super-App Archipelago, Tencent: WeChat, Gaming, and the Super-App Model, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The Middle East’s Tech Industry: Oil Money, Startups, and the Vision 2030 Bet, The Open Hardware Movement: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the Democratization of Making, Volunteer-Maintained Infrastructure
• Mandelbrot, Benoit — Benoit Mandelbrot and Fractals · also in IBM: The Company, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Manning, Chelsea — Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War · also in Adrian Lamo: The Homeless Hacker Who Reported Chelsea Manning, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Famous Leaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Markkula, Mike — Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision · also in Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Steve Jobs and Apple
• May, David — David May · also in Dead End: The Transputer, Interviews and Oral Histories
• McAfee, John — John McAfee: From Antivirus Pioneer to Fugitive · also in The Antivirus Industry, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• McCarthy, John — John McCarthy and LISP · also in Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Computer Science Firsts, Garbage Collection: Automatic Memory Management, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Triple-I: Information International, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Claude Shannon: The Juggling Mathematician of Bell Labs, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Douglas Lenat and Cyc, Edward Fredkin, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph, How We Use Computers, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Paul Graham and Y Combinator, Ruby and Rails, Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Bookshelf, The Cloud Computing Era: When the Server Disappeared, … and 4 more
• McCulloch, Warren — McCulloch and Pitts · also in Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• McGovern, Lore Harp — Lore Harp McGovern and Vector Graphic · also in Interviews and Oral Histories
• McIlroy, Doug — Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes · also in Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Ken Thompson and Unix, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World
• McKinnon, Gary — Gary McKinnon: The UFO Hacker and the Decade-Long Extradition · also in Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Meadows, Dennis — The Limits to Growth and World3 · also in Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory, Interviews and Oral Histories, Will Wright
• Meadows, Donella — The Limits to Growth and World3 · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Whirlwind, SAGE, and Core Memory, Will Wright
• Metcalfe, Bob — Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet · also in Chuck Thacker and the Alto, Computer Science Firsts, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Coding Theory and Error Correction, Computer Science Locations, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Dead End: Token Ring, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Gary Starkweather, IEEE Computer Society, Lynn Conway and the VLSI Revolution, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Reading Paths, Seymour Cray and Supercomputing, The $16,595 Future: The Xerox Star, The Computer Societies Movement, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Console Wars: How Hardware Battles Shaped Gaming, The Dot-com Bubble: Irrational Exuberance and the First Internet Crash, … and 10 more
• Micali, Silvio — Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works · also in Avi Wigderson, Interviews and Oral Histories, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery
• Mills, David — David Mills and NTP · also in BITNET, CSNET, and the Academic Networks, The Open Source Movement, Volunteer-Maintained Infrastructure
• Milner, Robin — Robin Milner: The Logician Who Shaped Programming · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Type Systems: From Bug Catcher to Theorem Prover, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Dana Scott, European Computer Science Academia
• Minsky, Marvin — Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds · also in John McCarthy and LISP, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off, Interviews and Oral Histories, Joel Moses, Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, The MIT Media Lab, Triple-I: Information International, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Chatbots Before ChatGPT, Computing in Popular Culture, Cynthia Breazeal, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, ELIZA: The Chatbot That Horrified Its Creator, Edward Fredkin, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Manuel Blum: From Complexity to CAPTCHA, Ray Kurzweil, Reading Paths, Richard Stallman and GNU, … and 1 more
• Mitnick, Kevin — Kevin Mitnick: The Most Wanted Computer Criminal in America · also in Kevin Mitnick: The Art of the Phone Call, Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, Computing in Popular Culture, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, Reading Paths, The Bookshelf, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life
• Molnár, Vera — Vera Molnár · also in Computer Art and Generative Art
• Moore, Gordon — Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law · also in Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, Andy Grove and Intel, Intel Was a Memory Company, Moore’s Law: What It Actually Said, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Semiconductor Fabrication, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible, William Shockley, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Computer Science Locations, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Dead End: Sun Microsystems, Dead End: The Transputer, Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Hennessy and Patterson: The Quantitative Approach, Japan’s Computing Industry, John McCarthy and LISP, Morris Chang and TSMC: The Man Who Made Chips a Service, Niklaus Wirth and Pascal, … and 12 more
• Morita, Akio — no article of their own; see Sony: From Rice Cooker to PlayStation · also in Beethoven’s Ninth and the Birth of the CD, Japan’s Digital Culture: Walkman, Tamagotchi, and the Galapagos Problem
• Morris, Robert Tappan — Robert Tappan Morris and the First Internet Worm · also in Computer Science Firsts, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Paul Graham and Y Combinator, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, Reading Paths, The Bookshelf, The Worm and the Accelerator: Robert Morris and Y Combinator
• Moses, Joel — Joel Moses · also in Computer Algebra Systems
• Musk, Elon — Elon Musk and Software-Defined Industry · also in Nick Bostrom, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, Peter Thiel and the PayPal Mafia, The Autonomous Vehicle Race: The Longest Last Mile in Technological History, The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, The Singularity and Superintelligence, “just setting up my twttr”: The $2.9 Million Tweet, Dead End: Iridium, Effective Altruism, Eliezer Yudkowsky, From Carburetor to Code: The Computer in the Car, George Hotz: geohot, the iPhone, and the PlayStation War, Jack Dorsey, Twitter, and Square, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society, Sam Altman and OpenAI, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Tencent: WeChat, Gaming, and the Super-App Model, The LLM Race (2022–), The Remote Work Revolution, Content Moderation, Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia

N

• Nadella, Satya — Satya Nadella and Microsoft’s Transformation · also in Microsoft’s 90% Fall and Return: The Ballmer Decade and the Nadella Recovery, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Dead End: Microsoft’s Mobile Failures, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, India’s IT Industry, Ray Ozzie, Sam Altman and OpenAI, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IDE Wars, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub, The Windows Story
• Naka, Yuji — Sonic Team: Naka, Ohshima and Yasuhara · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, Sega: The Console War It Lost and the Games It Won, The History of the Video Game Industry
• Nake, Frieder — Georg Nees and Frieder Nake · also in Herbert W. Franke, A. Michael Noll and Ken Knowlton, Computer Art and Generative Art, Vera Molnár
• Naur, Peter — Peter Naur · also in ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Regnecentralen and GIER: Denmark’s Computer Company, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Computer Science Locations, Data Science and the Notebook, John Backus and FORTRAN, The Chomsky Hierarchy: Grammar, Languages, and the Spine of Every Parser, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, The Nordic Computer Societies, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave, Friedrich L. Bauer
• Nees, Georg — Georg Nees and Frieder Nake · also in Computer Art and Generative Art, A. Michael Noll and Ken Knowlton, Herbert W. Franke, Vera Molnár, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics
• Negroponte, Nicholas — Nicholas Negroponte · also in Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Joseph Jacobson, Mary Lou Jepsen, The Computer Press, The Digital Divide: Who Gets Computing and Who Doesn’t, The MIT Media Lab, Will Wright
• Nelson, Ted — Ted Nelson and Hypertext: The Dream That Partially Came True · also in Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Interviews and Oral Histories, Vannevar Bush and the Memex, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Computer Science Locations, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, PHP: The Language Built to Track a Resume, PHP: The Web’s Workhorse, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The CGI Revolution, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web, The Demo That Showed the Future, 40 Years Early, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself
• Neumann, John von — John von Neumann · also in Monte Carlo Methods, The Von Neumann Architecture, Cellular Automata and Artificial Life, Dead End: ILLIAC IV, Scientific and Numerical Computing, Von Neumann’s Memory: The Human Calculator, Weather and Climate Modeling, Algorithmic Game Theory, BASIC: The Language Built for People Who Didn’t Want to Program, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, George Dantzig and the Simplex Method, Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, John McCarthy and LISP, Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, Stephen Wolfram, The Bookshelf, The History of Sorting, The Singularity and Superintelligence, The Weather Machine: What ENIAC Operators Were Told, Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming, … and 7 more
• Newell, Allen — Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines · also in Edward Feigenbaum and the Expert System, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, Reading Paths, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Hardware Description Languages, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John McCarthy and LISP
• Newell, Gabe — Gabe Newell · also in Valve and Steam, Famous Leaks, The History of the Video Game Industry, The PC Gaming Revolution
• Ng, Andrew — Andrew Ng and AI Education · also in Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jeff Dean and Google’s Infrastructure, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI
• Nixdorf, Heinz — Heinz Nixdorf · also in Germany’s Computing Pioneers, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Microcomputers Made in West Germany, Alan Turing and the Enigma, Computer Science Locations, Douglas Engelbart and the Mother of All Demos, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Gene Amdahl and the System/360, Germany’s IT Industry, Gesellschaft für Informatik: Establishing Informatik in Germany, Israel’s Tech Industry: From Unit 8200 to Startup Nation, Reading Paths, The ATM, The Wooden Mouse: Douglas Engelbart’s First Pointing Device, The World’s First Webcam Watched a Coffee Pot, Friedrich L. Bauer, China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Gustav Tauschek: The Forgotten Inventor, India’s IT Industry, The First Personal Computers, Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, Benoit Mandelbrot and Fractals, Crypto AG and Operation Rubicon, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, … and 20 more
• Noll, A. Michael — A. Michael Noll and Ken Knowlton · also in Herbert W. Franke, Computer Art and Generative Art, John Whitney and Charles Csuri
• Noyce, Robert — Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor · also in Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law, Jack Kilby and the Integrated Circuit, Andy Grove and Intel, Computer Science Locations, Intel Was a Memory Company, Interviews and Oral Histories, Semiconductor Fabrication, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, The Bookshelf, The Integrated Circuit Revolution: Shrinking the World, The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible, Venture Capital and Silicon Valley: The Money That Made the Industry, William Shockley, AMD and the x86 Underdog, Bob Widlar and Analog Integrated Circuits, Computer Science Firsts, Dead End: ILLIAC IV, December 16, 1947: The Invention That Changed Everything, Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor, From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, George Boole and Boolean Logic, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, Moore’s Law: What It Actually Said, The Semiconductor Race: The Geopolitics of Silicon, … and 1 more
• Nygaard, Kristen — Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming · also in Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The Nordic Computer Societies, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Computer Science Firsts, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down

O

• O’Reilly, Tim — Tim O’Reilly · also in Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The JavaScript Revolution, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language
• Ohshima, Naoto — Sonic Team: Naka, Ohshima and Yasuhara · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Sega: The Console War It Lost and the Games It Won, The History of the Video Game Industry
• Olivetti, Adriano — Camillo and Adriano Olivetti · also in AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Pier Giorgio Perotto, Family Ties, Italy’s Computing Industry: Pisa, Ivrea, and the Sale of 1964, Computer Science Locations, From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, The First Personal Computers
• Olivetti, Camillo — Camillo and Adriano Olivetti · also in AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Computer Science Locations, Family Ties, From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, Italy’s Computing Industry: Pisa, Ivrea, and the Sale of 1964, Pier Giorgio Perotto, The First Personal Computers
• Otlet, Paul — Paul Otlet and Emanuel Goldberg · also in Computer Science Locations
• Ozzie, Ray — Ray Ozzie · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Donald Bitzer, Lotus 1-2-3: The IBM PC’s Killer App, PLATO and the Birth of Online Community

P

• Page, Larry — Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire · also in Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, BackRub: Google’s First Name, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Google’s First Server Was in a Lego Case, Graph Algorithms, Killed by Google: The Product Graveyard, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Search Engine Wars: Finding the Web, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Andy Grove and Intel, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Yahoo!, Google Tried to Sell Itself for $1 Million, and Was Refused, Interviews and Oral Histories, Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval, Network Science and the Small World, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, Sundar Pichai and Google, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Pajitnov, Alexey — Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris · also in Henk Rogers, Nintendo: A Century of Play, The History of the Video Game Industry, The IDE Wars
• Papert, Seymour — Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine · also in Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Nicholas Negroponte, SADIO: Argentina’s Computing Society, The MIT Media Lab, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline
• Pardo, Rene — Pardo and Landau: LANPAR and the Spreadsheet Patent · also in Dan Bricklin and VisiCalc: The Killer App, The Spreadsheet Revolution
• Patterson, David — Hennessy and Patterson: The Quantitative Approach · also in RISC vs. CISC, Interviews and Oral Histories, John Cocke and the IBM 801, Sophie Wilson and ARM, The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, William Kahan and IEEE 754, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, The Open Hardware Movement: Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and the Democratization of Making
• Pearl, Judea — Judea Pearl and the Causal Revolution · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Reading Paths, Scientific and Numerical Computing, Speech Recognition
• Peddle, Chuck — Chuck Peddle · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Jack Tramiel and Commodore, Microcomputers Made in West Germany, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle, The Home Computer Boom, The Microprocessor Revolution
• Perlis, Alan — Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming · also in ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Esoteric Programming Languages, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Computer Societies Movement, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, Friedrich L. Bauer, Small Computers of the 1950s
• Perlman, Radia — Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol · also in Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet
• Perotto, Pier Giorgio — Pier Giorgio Perotto · also in AICA: Italy’s Computing Society, Camillo and Adriano Olivetti, Computer Science Locations, Hewlett-Packard, Italy’s Computing Industry: Pisa, Ivrea, and the Sale of 1964, The Pocket Calculator
• Picard, Rosalind — Rosalind Picard · also in Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, Rana el Kaliouby, The MIT Media Lab
• Pichai, Sundar — Sundar Pichai and Google · also in Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Larry Page and Sergey Brin: The Accidental Empire, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Google: From Dorm Room to Digital Infrastructure, India’s IT Industry, The LLM Race (2022–)
• Pike, Rob — Rob Pike: From Unix to Go · also in Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Ken Thompson and Unix, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, David May, Dead End: The Transputer, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Philosophy of Programming Languages, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set
• Pitroda, Sam — Sam Pitroda and India’s Telecom Revolution · also in Computer Science Locations, India’s IT Industry
• Pitts, Walter — McCulloch and Pitts · also in Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics, Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks
• Pnueli, Amir — no article of their own; see Formal Methods and Model Checking
• Polese, Kim — Kim Polese · also in Dead End: PointCast and Push Technology, James Gosling and Java
• Postel, Jon — Jon Postel: The God of the Internet · also in The Domain Name System: The Internet’s Phone Book, Top-Level Domains: Countries, Cash, and Ghost Domains, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Open Standards Process: How the Internet Governs Itself, @ : The Symbol That Connected the World, David Mills and NTP, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, Reading Paths, The Connected World: From Packet Switching to the Global Web
• Potter, David — David Potter · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Dead End: Symbian
• Poulsen, Kevin — Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack · also in Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Pournelle, Jerry — Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Computer Press
• Pouzin, Louis — Louis Pouzin and the Datagram · also in Donald Davies, Hubert Zimmermann and the Seven Layers, Interviews and Oral Histories, Computer Science Locations, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, France’s Tech Industry: Minitel, State Ambition, and the Grande École Pipeline, Reading Paths, Videotex: Prestel, Minitel and the Viewdata Era

R

• Rabin, Michael O. — no article of their own; see Automata Theory and Computability · also in Dana Scott, Randomness in Algorithms, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems
• Ren Zhengfei — Ren Zhengfei and Huawei: From PLA Engineer to Global Telecom Giant · also in Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Cellular Networks: From 1G to 5G, China Computer Federation (CCF), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, Cisco: The Company That Routed the Internet, Nokia: The Mobile Empire That Couldn’t Become a Software Company, Qualcomm: The Invisible Tax on Every Phone, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, Sam Pitroda and India’s Telecom Revolution, Samsung: From Dried Fish to the World’s Memory, The Cloud Wars: AWS, Azure, GCP, and the Infrastructure Battle, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Patent Wars
• Ritchie, Dennis — Dennis Ritchie and the C Language · also in Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Ken Thompson and Unix, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Rust: The Language That Solved C’s Fifty-Year-Old Problem, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, C’s Undefined Behavior: The Language Feature That Isn’t a Feature, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, DEC and the Minicomputer Era, Esoteric Programming Languages, Family Ties, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, The Bookshelf, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Multics Story, The Next Y2K: January 19, 2038, The Open Source Revolution, Unix Was Built to Play a Game, Yann LeCun and Convolutional Networks, The Teletype ASR-33
• Rivest, Ron — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in Post-Quantum Cryptography, Randomness in Algorithms, Reading Paths, The Antivirus Industry, The History of Wi-Fi, MD5 Cracked in Under One Second: The Checksum Used as a Lock, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Matt Blaze, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works
• Roberts, Larry — Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect · also in Donald Davies, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Interviews and Oral Histories, “LO”: The First Message Sent on the ARPANET, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, Paul Baran and Packet Switching: The Network That Was Never Built, Radia Perlman and the Spanning Tree Protocol, Ray Tomlinson, Reading Paths, Route 128: The Region That Lost to Silicon Valley, The Myth: The Internet Was Designed to Survive Nuclear War
• Rogers, Henk — Henk Rogers · also in Alexey Pajitnov and Tetris, Nintendo: A Century of Play
• Rometty, Virginia — Virginia Rometty · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Dead End: IBM Watson Health
• Rosen, Ben — Rod Canion and Ben Rosen · also in Compaq and the BIOS Clean-Room, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Commodity PC, The IBM PC: The Open Architecture That Standardized Computing
• Rosenblatt, Frank — Frank Rosenblatt: The Forgotten Pioneer of Neural Networks · also in Seymour Papert and the Children’s Machine, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, McCulloch and Pitts, Reading Paths, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Rosenkrantz, Daniel — no article of their own; see Hartmanis and Stearns: Measuring the Cost of Computation
• van Rossum, Guido — Guido van Rossum and Python · also in Python and the Flying Circus: How a Comedy Show Named a Programming Language, Interviews and Oral Histories, The Open Source Movement, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, APL: The Language Written in Its Own Alphabet, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, Assembly, Machine Code, and Bytecode: The Low-Level Layer, Barbara Liskov and Data Abstraction, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christmas Day, 1996: Ruby 1.0, Code Golf and Perl Golf, Computer Algebra Systems, Concurrency and Parallelism: Threads, Locks, and the Hard Problem, Data Science and the Notebook, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Design Patterns and the Gang of Four, Elon Musk and Software-Defined Industry, European Computer Science Academia, Frances Allen and Compiler Optimization, … and 44 more

S

• Sakamura, Ken — Ken Sakamura and TRON · also in From Carburetor to Code: The Computer in the Car, Japan’s Computing Industry
• Sammet, Jean — Jean Sammet and COBOL · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, COBOL: The Language That Runs Banking, German Chapter of the ACM, The Rise of High-Level Languages: The First Wave
• Sandin, Dan — no article of their own; see Tom DeFanti · also in The History of Virtual Reality
• Schell, Roger — Roger Schell and Steve Lipner · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, The Multics Story
• Schmidhuber, Jürgen — Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM · also in Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Machine Translation, Reading Paths, Speech Recognition, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Yoshua Bengio and the Montreal School
• Schmitz, Kim — Kim Schmitz (Kim Dotcom) · also in The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Schneier, Bruce — Bruce Schneier: The Public Intellectual of Security · also in Eponymous Laws of Computing, Matt Blaze, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Reading Paths, The Vulnerability Disclosure Debate: Full Disclosure, Responsible Disclosure, and the Bug Bounty Economy
• Schreyer, Helmut — Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age · also in Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Latin America’s Tech Industry: MercadoLibre, Nubank, and the Fintech Continent, Reading Paths
• Scott, Dana — Dana Scott · also in Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Interviews and Oral Histories, Automata Theory and Computability, Robin Milner: The Logician Who Shaped Programming
• Shamir, Adi — Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA · also in The History of Wi-Fi, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Randomness in Algorithms, Reading Paths, The Antivirus Industry, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Israel’s Tech Industry: From Unit 8200 to Startup Nation, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet
• Shannon, Claude — Claude Shannon and Information Theory · also in Coding Theory and Error Correction, Data Compression, Andrey Kolmogorov, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Claude Shannon: The Juggling Mathematician of Bell Labs, Cryptography: The Secret Science, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, George Boole and Boolean Logic, John McCarthy and LISP, The Bookshelf, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, The Ultimate Machine: The Box That Turned Itself Off, Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography, Bioinformatics and the Human Genome, Danny Hillis and the Connection Machine, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dead End: Google Glass & The First Wearable Wave, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Gregory Chaitin, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, Kolmogorov Complexity, Konrad Zuse and the Z3, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, … and 12 more
• Shih, Stan — no article of their own; see Taiwan’s Tech Ecosystem: OEM, ODM, and the Smiling Curve
• Shima, Masatoshi — no article of their own; see Federico Faggin and the Microprocessor · also in The Microprocessor Revolution
• Shirley, Stephanie — Stephanie “Steve” Shirley and Freelance Programmers · also in Joan Ball, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers
• Shockley, William — William Shockley · also in The Transistor: The Invention That Made Everything Else Possible, December 16, 1947: The Invention That Changed Everything, Semiconductor Fabrication, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, Computer Science Locations, From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, Gordon Moore and Moore’s Law, Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor, Silicon Valley: How a Place Became a Myth, Venture Capital and Silicon Valley: The Money That Made the Industry
• Shor, Peter — Peter Shor · also in Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Post-Quantum Cryptography, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Quantum Computing
• Sifakis, Joseph — no article of their own; see Formal Methods and Model Checking
• Simon, Herbert — Newell and Simon: The Thinking Machines · also in Edward Feigenbaum and the Expert System, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Expert Systems and the First AI Winter, Reading Paths, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, The Attention Economy, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John McCarthy and LISP, Network Science and the Small World, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space
• Simonyi, Charles — no article of their own; see Hungary’s Computing Industry: The M-3, the “Analysers” of KFKI, and the Boy Who Watched the Ural · also in Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, The History of Word Processing, Chuck Thacker and the Alto, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Regnecentralen and GIER: Denmark’s Computer Company
• Sinclair, Clive — Clive Sinclair · also in David Potter, The Home Computer Boom, The Personal Computing Explosion, The Pocket Calculator, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind
• Snowden, Edward — Edward Snowden and the NSA · also in The Privacy War: Surveillance, Data, and the Architecture of Attention, Chelsea Manning: The Analyst Who Leaked a War, Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People, The Digital Rights Movement, BULLRUN: The NSA’s $250 Million Encryption Weakening Program, Bruce Schneier: The Public Intellectual of Security, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Dead End: Skype, Famous Leaks, Julian Assange: From “Mendax” to WikiLeaks, Matt Blaze, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Reading Paths, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, Surveillance Capitalism: The Business Model That Monetized Human Behavior, The Crypto Wars of the 1990s, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Cyberwar: When Code Became a Weapon, Tor and Anonymity Networks, Volunteer-Maintained Infrastructure
• Son, Masayoshi — Masayoshi Son and SoftBank · also in CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Africa’s Tech Industry: Leapfrog, Mobile Money, and the Continent That Skipped the Landline, Jack Ma and Alibaba: China’s Internet Pioneer, Latin America’s Tech Industry: MercadoLibre, Nubank, and the Fintech Continent, Southeast Asia’s Tech Industry: Grab, Gojek, and the Super-App Archipelago, The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, The Middle East’s Tech Industry: Oil Money, Startups, and the Vision 2030 Bet, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, Unicode and UTF-8: The Long Road to a Universal Character Set
• Spärck Jones, Karen — Karen Spärck Jones and Information Retrieval · also in Hans Peter Luhn
• Stallman, Richard — Richard Stallman and GNU · also in Linus Torvalds and Linux, The Open Source Business Model, The Open Source Movement, The Open Source Revolution, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Marvin Minsky and the MIT AI Lab: The Architect of Artificial Minds, Mitchell Baker and Mozilla, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code, The Digital Rights Movement, The History of Desktop Environments, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The IDE Wars, The Lisp Machine Era: The Rise and Fall of AI Specialization, Tim O’Reilly, Volunteer-Maintained Infrastructure, Swift and the Post-Objective-C Era
• Starkweather, Gary — Gary Starkweather · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Bob Metcalfe and Ethernet, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Chester Carlson, Chuck Thacker and the Alto, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Gary Demos, Joseph C. Wilson and Haloid, Pixar and Computer Animation, The CGI Revolution, The History of Printing
• Stearns, Richard E. — Hartmanis and Stearns: Measuring the Cost of Computation · also in P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Interviews and Oral Histories, Jack Edmonds and the Good Algorithm, Reading Paths
• Stibitz, George — George Stibitz and the Complex Number Calculator · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I
• Stonebraker, Michael — Michael Stonebraker and Postgres · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Database Revolution: From Filing Cabinets to the Relational Model, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud
• Strachey, Christopher — Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters · also in Dana Scott, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, How We Use Computers, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, The First Computer Love Letters: Manchester, 1952, Alan Turing and the ACE, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Stroustrup, Bjarne — Bjarne Stroustrup and C++ · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Ole-Johan Dahl and Kristen Nygaard: The Inventors of Object-Oriented Programming, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Haskell and Pure Functional Programming, LLVM: The Compiler Infrastructure That Conquered Programming, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The OOP Revolution: Objects All the Way Down
• Sunde, Peter — Peter Sunde and The Pirate Bay · also in BitTorrent: The Protocol, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Napster and the P2P Music Revolution, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Digital Rights Movement, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Sutherland, Ivan — Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Simula: The Language That Invented Objects Before Anyone Called Them That, The History of Virtual Reality, Alan Kay and Smalltalk, Dead End: Silicon Graphics, Ed Catmull, Gary Demos, J.C.R. Licklider and the Intergalactic Network, John Warnock and PostScript, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The Computer Societies Movement, The History of Displays, Tom DeFanti
• Sutskever, Ilya — Ilya Sutskever and the GPT Series · also in Sam Altman and OpenAI, Schmidhuber, Hochreiter, and LSTM, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, Alex Krizhevsky, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Andrew Ng and AI Education, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Fei-Fei Li and ImageNet: The Dataset That Fed the Revolution, Geoffrey Hinton and Deep Learning, ImageNet: The Dataset That Proved Deep Learning Worked, Jensen Huang and Nvidia: From Graphics to the Engine of AI, Reading Paths, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Sutton, Richard — Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward · also in Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computer Vision, Reading Paths, Reinforcement Learning, Richard Bellman and Dynamic Programming, Speech Recognition, Stephanie “Steve” Shirley and Freelance Programmers, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind
• Suzuki, Yu — Yu Suzuki · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Sonic Team: Naka, Ohshima and Yasuhara, Sega: The Console War It Lost and the Games It Won
• Svoboda, Antonín — no article of their own; see Czechoslovakia’s Computing Industry: Svoboda, SAPO, and the Institute That Lost Its Founder
• Swartz, Aaron — Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy · also in Alexandra Elbakyan and Sci-Hub, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, The Digital Rights Movement, Copyright and IP in the Digital Age, Kevin Poulsen: Dark Dante and the Radio Station Hack, Outlaws and Provocateurs, Paul Graham and Y Combinator, The 414s: The Teenagers Who Made Congress Notice Hacking, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The Warez and Filesharing Era: Copying as Rebellion, Industry, and Revolution
• Sweeney, Tim — Tim Sweeney · also in Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Dark Patterns: Deceptive Design and the Consent Dialog, Gabe Newell, Game Engines: The Engine as a Platform, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, The Platform Tax

T

• Tallinn, Jaan — Jaan Tallinn · also in Estonia and Eastern Europe’s Tech Industry: Digital Governance, Antivirus Pioneers, and the Game Studios, Dead End: Skype, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Effective Altruism, Eliezer Yudkowsky, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Singularity and Superintelligence
• Tanenbaum, Andrew — Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Linus Torvalds and Linux, Operating System Concepts: Kernels, Processes, and Scheduling, Regnecentralen and GIER: Denmark’s Computer Company, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Open Source Revolution
• Tarjan, Robert — Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph · also in Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Graph Algorithms, Interviews and Oral Histories, Richard Karp and the 21 Problems, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Bennett and Brassard: Quantum Cryptography
• Tauschek, Gustav — Gustav Tauschek: The Forgotten Inventor · also in Heinz Zemanek and the Mailüfterl, Reading Paths, The Storage Revolution: From Magnetic Tape to Silicon, Germany’s Computing Pioneers
• Tesler, Larry — Larry Tesler and the War on Modes · also in Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, Dead End: Apple Newton, Human-Computer Interaction: From Terminals to Touch, The History of Desktop Environments, The History of Word Processing, Steve Jobs and Apple
• Thacker, Charles — Chuck Thacker and the Alto · also in Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Interviews and Oral Histories, Steve Jobs and Apple, The History of Desktop Environments, The Xerox PARC Revolution, Alan Kay and Smalltalk
• Thiel, Peter — Peter Thiel and the PayPal Mafia · also in Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Bookshelf, The E-Commerce Revolution: Selling Everything to Everyone, DeepMind and AlphaGo: The Match That Changed AI, Eliezer Yudkowsky, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society, The Singularity and Superintelligence
• Thompson, Ken — Ken Thompson and Unix · also in Dennis Ritchie and the C Language, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Interviews and Oral Histories, Rob Pike: From Unix to Go, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes, Fernando Corbató and Time-Sharing, Paul Karger: Mr. High Assurance, The Multics Story, The Unix Story: The Operating System That Ate the World, Unix Was Built to Play a Game, “Hello, World!”: The Origin of the Universal First Program, Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Edward Fredkin, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Roger Schell and Steve Lipner, Secure by Design: A History of Software Security Engineering, String Matching, The Chomsky Hierarchy: Grammar, Languages, and the Spine of Every Parser, The Death Nobody Noticed: Dennis Ritchie, October 2011, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Next Y2K: January 19, 2038, … and 5 more
• Tomlinson, Ray — Ray Tomlinson · also in Email: The Killer App That Predated the Web, @ : The Symbol That Connected the World, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Reaper: The First Antivirus Was Written to Fight the First Virus, The Teletype ASR-33, “LO”: The First Message Sent on the ARPANET, ARPANET: Building the Network That Became the Internet, Computer Science Firsts, Dead End: Google Wave, Larry Roberts and ARPANET: The Network Architect, The First Email: A Message Not Worth Reading
• Torres Quevedo, Leonardo — Leonardo Torres Quevedo and El Ajedrecista · also in Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Percy Ludgate, Spain’s Computing Industry: From the Ajedrecista to the Golden Age of the Spectrum, Before the Computer: Mechanical Calculation, Charles Babbage: The Visionary Architect, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution
• Torvalds, Linus — Linus Torvalds and Linux · also in 10,000 to 27 Million: The Linux Kernel’s 2,700× Growth, The Nordic Computer Societies, The Rise of Version Control: From SCCS to Git and GitHub, Andrew Tanenbaum and MINIX, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Git: Named After Its Creator, Written in Ten Days, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Richard Stallman and GNU, The BSD Family: The Open-Source Unix That Survived a Lawsuit, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Open Source Revolution, Adele Goldberg and Smalltalk, Android: The Dominant Mobile OS, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Bell Labs: The Idea Factory, Bill Joy: The Other Sun Founder, BitTorrent: The Protocol, Bram Cohen and BitTorrent, COBOL: The Language That Runs Banking, Canadian Information Processing Society (CIPS), China’s Tech Industry: From Follower to Frontier, ChromeOS and the Browser-as-OS: Google’s Bet on the Web, Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Computer Science Locations, Data Communication Prehistory: Telegraph, Morse, and Teletype, … and 81 more
• Tramiel, Jack — Jack Tramiel and Commodore · also in Dead End: The Amiga, Chuck Peddle, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, Computer Science Locations, Computing in East Germany: Robotron and the Kombinate, Dead End: Bildschirmtext, Family Ties, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Grace Hopper: The Queen of Code, Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters, Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle, Lee Felsenstein, Linus Torvalds and Linux, LucasArts and the Point-and-Click Adventure, Microcomputers Made in West Germany, Motorola: The Company That Built the Cell Phone and Then Lost It, Richard Bartle, Shareware and Public Domain: Software Distribution Before the Internet, Spain’s Computing Industry: From the Ajedrecista to the Golden Age of the Spectrum, The AOL Era, The Accessibility Revolution in Computing: How Technology Learned to Include Everyone, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, The Atari ST, The Best-Selling Computer: Commodore 64, … and 11 more
• Tukey, John — Cooley, Tukey, and the Fast Fourier Transform · also in Data Science and the Notebook, Claude Shannon and Information Theory, John Chambers, Richard Hamming
• Turing, Alan — Alan Turing and the Enigma · also in The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, Alonzo Church and Lambda Calculus, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Alan Turing and the ACE, David Hilbert and the Entscheidungsproblem, Donald Davies, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, The Algorithm as a Concept: From Euclid to Turing, Ada Lovelace and the Analytical Engine, Alan Turing’s 2:46 Marathon, Automata Theory and Computability, Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Computer Science Locations, Friedrich L. Bauer, Gödel and the Incompleteness Theorems, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question, Steve Jobs and Apple, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, The Bookshelf, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer, The Singularity and Superintelligence, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, The Von Neumann Architecture, Tommy Flowers and Colossus, … and 26 more

U

• Ulbricht, Ross — Ross Ulbricht and the Silk Road · also in Tor and Anonymity Networks, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin
• Ullman, Jeffrey — Aho and Ullman: The Dragon Book · also in Hopcroft and Tarjan: Depth-First Search and the Linear-Time Graph, Interviews and Oral Histories, Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, The Compiler: Translating Human Intent into Machine Code
• Uszkoreit, Hans — Hans Uszkoreit and German Language Technology · also in Family Ties, Wolfgang Wahlster, Dead End: Verbmobil, Reading Paths, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”

V

• Valiant, Leslie — no article of their own; see P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question
• Volozh, Arkady — Arkady Volozh and Yandex: The Russian Internet · also in Dead End: The Semantic Web, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate

W

• Wahlster, Wolfgang — Wolfgang Wahlster · also in Dead End: Verbmobil, Hans Uszkoreit and German Language Technology, Machine Translation
• Wales, Jimmy — Jimmy Wales and Wikipedia · also in Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, Ward Cunningham and the Wiki: The Simplest Thing That Could Possibly Work, Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Andrej Karpathy and Modern AI, Brewster Kahle and the Internet Archive, Britannica and the CD-ROM Encyclopedias, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Computer Science Locations, Dead End: Encarta, Dead End: Omnibus Computer Graphics, Dead End: Osborne, Dead End: The Semantic Web, Digital Maps and GIS, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Günter von Gravenreuth and the Tanja Letters, Internet Law and Section 230, Link Rot and the Digital Dark Age, PHP: The Language Built to Track a Resume, PHP: The Web’s Workhorse, Regnecentralen and GIER: Denmark’s Computer Company, The BBS Era: Bulletin Boards and the First Online Culture, The Database Wars: Oracle, Open Source, and the Cloud, The Digital Rights Movement, The Nordic Tech Industry: Nokia, Linux, Spotify, and the Open Source North, The Transformer: “Attention Is All You Need”, … and 3 more
• Wall, Larry — Larry Wall and Perl · also in Brian Kernighan and the Unix Tools, Code Golf and Perl Golf, Doug McIlroy and Unix Pipes, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Philosophy of Programming Languages
• Wang Yongmin — Wang Yongmin and the Chinese Input Wars · also in Computer Science Locations, Japan’s Computing Industry, The Globalization of Software: i18n, L10n, and the Hidden Complexity of “Hello, World”, The Typewriter and the Keyboard
• Warnock, John — John Warnock and PostScript · also in Adobe: The Creative Software Empire, Interviews and Oral Histories, Butler Lampson and Xerox PARC, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Ed Catmull, Gary Starkweather, Hewlett-Packard, Ivan Sutherland and Sketchpad: The First Graphical Interface, The Desktop Publishing Revolution, The History of Printing, The History of Word Processing, The Macintosh, Triple-I: Information International
• Warren, Jim — Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle · also in The Computer Press, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Weizenbaum, Joseph — Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA · also in Christopher Strachey: The Programmer Who Made a Computer Write Love Letters, Dead End: Short Cases, The First Computer Love Letters: Manchester, 1952, Affective Computing: Machines That Read Feelings, Chatbots Before ChatGPT, Cynthia Breazeal, ELIZA: The Chatbot That Horrified Its Creator, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Hans Uszkoreit and German Language Technology, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Reading Paths, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Natural Language Processing Revolution, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics
• Whitney, John — John Whitney and Charles Csuri · also in Gary Demos, Dead End: Omnibus Computer Graphics, The CGI Revolution, Triple-I: Information International, Interviews and Oral Histories, Tom DeFanti
• why the lucky stiff — why the lucky stiff · also in Ruby and Rails, The Philosophy of Programming Languages
• Wickham, Hadley — Hadley Wickham · also in R and Statistical Computing
• Widlar, Bob — Bob Widlar and Analog Integrated Circuits · also in Robert Noyce and Fairchild Semiconductor
• Wiener, Norbert — Norbert Wiener and Cybernetics · also in Andrey Kolmogorov, Automation and the Future of Work, Lotfi Zadeh, McCulloch and Pitts, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate, Barto and Sutton: Learning from Reward, Computer Science Locations, Hungary’s Computing Industry: The M-3, the “Analysers” of KFKI, and the Boy Who Watched the Ural, John Hopfield and Neural Networks, John McCarthy and LISP, Joseph Weizenbaum and ELIZA, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, OGAS: The Soviet Internet That Never Was, Project Cybersyn: Chile’s Cybernetic Dream, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, The Container Revolution, The Traveling Salesman Problem, Deep Blue and Computer Chess, Friedrich L. Bauer, George Stibitz and the Complex Number Calculator, Rudolf Kálmán and the Kalman Filter, The Rise of Artificial Intelligence: Dreams, Winters, and the Deep Learning Revolution, UNIVAC and the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation
• Wigderson, Avi — Avi Wigderson · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Randomness in Algorithms, Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio Micali: Proving Cryptography Works
• Wigderson, Avi — no article of their own; see P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question · also in Avi Wigderson, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Wilkes, Maurice — Maurice Wilkes and EDSAC · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery, BCS: The Chartered Institute for IT, Computer Science Firsts, Dead End: The Intel iAPX 432, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, Eponymous Laws of Computing, European Computer Science Academia, Gene Amdahl and the System/360, IEEE Computer Society, IFIP: Computing Across the Iron Curtain, Kathleen Booth and the First Assembler, Peter Naur, Scientific and Numerical Computing, The Manchester Baby: The First Stored-Program Computer, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, The Von Neumann Architecture, Alan Turing and the ACE
• Wilkinson, James H. — no article of their own; see Scientific and Numerical Computing · also in Alan Turing and the ACE, ACM: The Association for Computing Machinery
• Williams, Ken — Ken and Roberta Williams and Sierra On-Line · also in Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, Family Ties, LucasArts and the Point-and-Click Adventure
• Williams, Roberta — Ken and Roberta Williams and Sierra On-Line · also in Family Ties, Colossal Cave, Zork, and Interactive Fiction, LucasArts and the Point-and-Click Adventure
• Wilson, Joseph C. — Joseph C. Wilson and Haloid · also in Chester Carlson, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Wilson, Sophie — Sophie Wilson and ARM · also in The ARM Architecture: The Chip That Runs the World, Interviews and Oral Histories, The UK Computing Industry: From Bletchley to DeepMind, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Hennessy and Patterson: The Quantitative Approach, Tim Cook and Apple
• Winer, Dave — Dave Winer and RSS · also in The Podcast Revolution, Aaron Swartz: The Internet’s Own Boy, Dead End: Google Reader, Dead End: PointCast and Push Technology
• Wirth, Niklaus — Niklaus Wirth and Pascal · also in “Considered Harmful”: How a Title Change Launched a Meme, ALGOL: The Language That Taught Programming How to Teach Itself, Eponymous Laws of Computing, Interviews and Oral Histories, Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, The History of Parsing: From BNF to ANTLR, Ada: The Language the Pentagon Built, Alan Perlis and the Epigrams on Programming, Anders Hejlsberg: From Turbo Pascal to TypeScript, Computer Science Education: Teaching the Machine, Computer Science Locations, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Edsger Dijkstra and Structured Programming, Friedrich L. Bauer, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Go: The Cloud-Native Language, Larry Tesler and the War on Modes, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Peter Naur, The Computer Societies Movement, The Evolution of Language: From Machine Code to Modern Abstraction, The Netherlands’ Tech Industry: Philips, ASML, and the Chokepoint, The Software Crisis: How a 1968 Conference Named Computing’s Permanent Problem, Tony Hoare and the Science of Programming
• Wolfram, Stephen — Stephen Wolfram · also in Cellular Automata and Artificial Life, Computer Algebra Systems, Data Science and the Notebook, Edward Fredkin, Triple-I: Information International
• Wozniak, Steve — Steve Wozniak: The Engineer’s Apple · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Steve Jobs and Apple, BASIC: The Language That Democratized Programming, Chuck Peddle, Five Rejections: How HP Passed on the Apple Computer, Hewlett-Packard, Interviews and Oral Histories, John Draper: Captain Crunch and the Blue Box, The $800 Exit: Apple’s Third Founder Quit After Twelve Days, The Altair 8800: The Spark That Started the Microcomputer Revolution, CeBIT and the Age of the Computer Trade Fair, Computer Science Locations, Jim Warren and Jerry Pournelle, John Perry Barlow and the Declaration of the Independence of Cyberspace, Lee Felsenstein, Mike Markkula: The Adult Supervision, Nolan Bushnell and Atari, Reading Paths, Stewart Brand and the Whole Earth, The Digital Rights Movement, The Hacker Culture: Curiosity as a Way of Life, The History of Hacking: From Exploration to Geopolitics, The Home Computer Boom, The Singularity and Superintelligence
• Wright, Craig — Craig Wright: The Man Who Said He Was Satoshi · also in Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Outlaws and Provocateurs, The Cryptocurrency Revolution
• Wright, Will — Will Wright · also in Interviews and Oral Histories

Y

• Yao, Andrew — no article of their own; see P vs. NP and Complexity Theory: The Hardest Easy Question
• Yasuhara, Hirokazu — Sonic Team: Naka, Ohshima and Yasuhara · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Myths and Misconceptions in the History of Computing, Sega: The Console War It Lost and the Games It Won
• Yuan, Eric — Eric Yuan · also in The Remote Work Revolution, The Rise of SaaS
• Yudkowsky, Eliezer — Eliezer Yudkowsky · also in Jaan Tallinn, The Singularity and Superintelligence, Effective Altruism, Nick Bostrom, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other
• Yushchenko, Kateryna — Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language · also in OGAS: The Soviet Internet That Never Was, Soviet and Russian Computing: Parallel History, Divergent Fate, Women in Computing: The Invisible Pioneers

Z

• Zadeh, Lotfi — Lotfi Zadeh · also in Fuzzy Logic, Interviews and Oral Histories
• Zatko, Peiter — Peiter “Mudge” Zatko: The Hacker Who Warned Washington · also in Marcus Hutchins: The Accidental Hero of WannaCry, Outlaws and Provocateurs
• Zemanek, Heinz — Heinz Zemanek and the Mailüfterl · also in From Vacuum Tubes to Transistors: The Dawn of the Semiconductor Age, Interviews and Oral Histories, Computer Science Locations, IFIP: Computing Across the Iron Curtain, Reading Paths, Computing in Popular Culture, Herman Hollerith and the Punched Card, The Birth of Computer Science as a Discipline
• Zimmermann, Hubert — Hubert Zimmermann and the Seven Layers · also in Interviews and Oral Histories, Charles Bachman and the Integrated Data Store, Early Networking Failures: The Protocol Wars, Reading Paths
• Zimmermann, Phil — Phil Zimmermann and PGP: Privacy for the People · also in The Crypto Wars of the 1990s, The Digital Rights Movement, Cybersecurity: The Invisible War, Germany’s IT Industry, Public Key Cryptography: The Mathematics That Secured the Internet, Reading Paths, Rivest, Shamir, Adleman and RSA, The Cypherpunks: From Chaum to Bitcoin, Volunteer-Maintained Infrastructure, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman: The Key Exchange That Unlocked the Internet
• Zuckerberg, Mark — Mark Zuckerberg and Facebook: The Social Network That Rewired Society · also in Code Red: When Incumbents Panic, Silicon Valley Philosophies: How Ideas and Machines Shape Each Other, $345 Million Per Employee: The WhatsApp Acquisition, 13 Employees, $1 Billion: The Instagram Acquisition, Surveillance Capitalism: The Business Model That Monetized Human Behavior, The Social Media Revolution: Connection, Addiction, and the Fragmentation of Public Space, Yahoo Turned Down $44.6 Billion From Microsoft, @ : The Symbol That Connected the World, AI Ethics and Algorithmic Bias, Andy Bechtolsheim and Sun, Bill Campbell: The Trillion Dollar Coach, BitTorrent: The Protocol, ByteDance and TikTok: The Algorithm That Reorganized Attention, Canada’s AI Cluster: How Three Universities Produced the Deep Learning Revolution, Computing in Popular Culture, Crowdfunding and Kickstarter, Dark Patterns: Deceptive Design and the Consent Dialog, Data Science and the Notebook, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Dead End: Google Buzz, Dead End: Google Reader, Dead End: Google Wave, Dead End: Google+, Dead End: Orkut, Dead End: Palm and the PDA, … and 82 more
• Zuse, Konrad — Konrad Zuse and the Z3 · also in Computer Science Locations, George Boole and Boolean Logic, Percy Ludgate, Computer Science Firsts, ENIAC and the First Electronic Computers, European Computer Science Academia, Family Ties, George Stibitz and the Complex Number Calculator, Germany’s IT Industry, Gesellschaft für Informatik: Establishing Informatik in Germany, Helmut Schreyer: The Missed Electronic Age, Howard Aiken and the Harvard Mark I, Interviews and Oral Histories, Switzerland’s Tech Industry: Neutrality, Precision, and the Birthplace of the Web, UNIVAC and the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation, Computer Art and Generative Art, Data Structures: The Building Blocks of Computation, Edward Fredkin, Emulation and Retrocomputing, Friedrich L. Bauer, Fun Facts from the History of Computer Science, Georg Nees and Frieder Nake, Germany’s Computing Pioneers, Heinz Zemanek and the Mailüfterl, Kateryna Yushchenko and the Address Language, … and 14 more